All 10 questions and answers
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Which chamber pumps oxygen-rich blood out to the body?
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The left ventricle. The left ventricle pushes oxygenated blood into the aorta and on to the whole body. The right ventricle pumps to the lungs.
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Where does blood returning from the body enter the heart?
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The right atrium, through the venae cavae. The superior and inferior venae cavae deliver oxygen-poor blood from the body to the right atrium.
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What does the pulmonary artery carry?
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Oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs. The classic exception: arteries carry blood away from the heart, not always oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
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What do the pulmonary veins carry?
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Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium. Veins carry blood toward the heart. The pulmonary veins are the veins carrying freshly oxygenated blood.
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Which valve sits between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
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The mitral (bicuspid) valve. The mitral valve is on the left, the tricuspid valve on the right between the right atrium and right ventricle.
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What acts as the heart's natural pacemaker?
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The sinoatrial (SA) node. The SA node in the wall of the right atrium sets the heartbeat. The AV node delays the signal briefly so the atria can empty before the ventricles contract.
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What is the largest artery in the body?
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The aorta. The aorta leaves the left ventricle and distributes oxygenated blood to every branch of the systemic circulation.
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Where do oxygen and nutrients pass from the blood into the tissues?
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In the capillaries. Capillary walls are one cell thick, which lets gases and nutrients diffuse between blood and tissue.
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Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right?
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It has to pump blood through the whole body at higher pressure. The right ventricle only needs to reach the nearby lungs. The left ventricle drives the entire systemic circulation, so it needs far more muscle.
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What causes the first heart sound, the lub?
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The atrioventricular valves closing. Lub is the tricuspid and mitral valves closing as the ventricles start to contract. Dub is the aortic and pulmonary valves closing afterward.
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