All 10 questions and answers
Try each question before you open the answer. Recalling first, then checking, is what makes a quiz stick (the testing effect).
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Where is most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell stored?
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In the nucleus. The nucleus holds almost all of the cell's DNA. Mitochondria and chloroplasts carry a small amount of their own DNA, but the genome lives in the nucleus.
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What is the main job of ribosomes?
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Building proteins. Ribosomes read messenger RNA and link amino acids into proteins. ATP comes mainly from the mitochondria, waste breakdown from lysosomes.
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Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
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The cell membrane. The cell membrane is selectively permeable and decides what passes. A plant cell wall gives shape and support but lets most small molecules through.
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Which of these is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
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A cell wall. Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts and usually a large central vacuole. Mitochondria, ribosomes and a membrane are found in both.
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What do prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack?
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A membrane-bound nucleus. Prokaryotes have DNA, ribosomes and a membrane, but their DNA floats in the cytoplasm (the nucleoid region) instead of sitting inside a nucleus.
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Which organelle modifies, sorts and packages proteins for transport?
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The Golgi apparatus. Proteins made on the rough ER travel to the Golgi, which modifies them, sorts them and ships them out in vesicles. The nucleolus assembles ribosome subunits.
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Why is rough endoplasmic reticulum called rough?
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Ribosomes are attached to its surface. Under the microscope, the ribosomes on its surface give it a bumpy look. Smooth ER has no ribosomes and makes lipids instead.
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Which organelle produces most of the cell's ATP?
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The mitochondrion. Mitochondria run the later stages of aerobic cellular respiration, which is where most ATP is made.
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What is the cell membrane mainly made of?
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A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Two layers of phospholipids, with their water-repelling tails facing inward, form the membrane. Proteins in the bilayer act as channels, pumps and receptors. Cellulose is what plant cell walls are made of.
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According to cell theory, where do new cells come from?
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From existing cells that divide. Cell theory says all living things are made of cells and every cell comes from a pre-existing cell. The idea of life arising from nonliving matter was disproved in the 1800s.
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