All 10 questions and answers
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Which problem forced Louis XVI to call the Estates-General in 1789?
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The French state was close to bankruptcy. Years of war, including support for the American Revolution, had left huge debts. The king needed new taxes and called the Estates-General for the first time since 1614.
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Who made up the Third Estate?
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Everyone who was neither clergy nor nobility. The First Estate was the clergy, the Second the nobility. The Third was everyone else, from wealthy lawyers to peasants, roughly 97 percent of the population.
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What did the deputies swear in the Tennis Court Oath of June 1789?
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Not to separate until France had a constitution. Locked out of their meeting hall, the deputies of the new National Assembly gathered on a tennis court and swore to stay together until they had written a constitution.
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When was the Bastille stormed?
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14 July 1789. Parisians stormed the Bastille, a royal fortress and prison, on 14 July 1789. The date is still France's national holiday.
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What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
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A 1789 statement that men are born free and equal in rights. Adopted in August 1789, it proclaimed liberty, equality before the law and popular sovereignty. The Napoleonic Code came later, in 1804.
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What happened in the Women's March on Versailles in October 1789?
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Crowds angry about bread prices brought the royal family to Paris. Thousands of market women and others marched to Versailles over the price and shortage of bread and forced the king and his family to move to Paris.
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What happened to Louis XVI in January 1793?
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He was executed by guillotine. After the monarchy was abolished in 1792, the National Convention tried the king for treason. He was guillotined on 21 January 1793.
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Who is most closely associated with the Reign of Terror?
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Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety. In 1793 and 1794 the Committee of Public Safety, led in practice by Maximilien Robespierre, had thousands of suspected enemies of the revolution executed.
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How did the Reign of Terror end?
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Robespierre was overthrown and executed in July 1794. Fearing they would be next, members of the Convention turned on Robespierre. He was arrested and guillotined in July 1794 (9 Thermidor in the revolutionary calendar).
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Who took power in the coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799?
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Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon overthrew the Directory in November 1799 and became First Consul. This is usually taken as the end of the revolutionary decade.
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